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Biologie – Génétique (3)

  • From DNA to protein
  • DNA and Genes
  • Mendelian genetics

Biologie – Immunologie (1)

  • The immune system

Biologie – Le vivant (2)

  • The cell
  • Cell division: mitosis and meiosis

Biologie – Métabolisme (1)

  • Photosynthesis

Biologie – Physiologie (2)

  • Hormonal regulation and homeostasis
  • The neuron and the nerve message

Biologie – Écologie (1)

  • Ecosystems

Biologie – Évolution (1)

  • The evolution of species

Chimie – Chimie supramoléculaire (1)

  • Supramolecular Self-Assembly: Metal-Organic Cages and Bowls

Chimie – La matière (4)

  • Atoms, molecules and ions
  • The periodic table of elements
  • Chemical bonds
  • The states of matter and changes of state

Chimie – Organique (2)

  • Organic chemistry: the main reactions
  • Organic chemistry: carbon molecules

Chimie – Quantités (3)

  • The mole and the amount of substance
  • Gases and the Ideal Gas Law
  • Solutions and concentration

Chimie – Transformations (7)

  • Acids, bases and pH
  • Chemical kinetics and equilibria
  • Redox reactions
  • Electrochemistry and Galvanic Cells
  • Thermochemistry
  • Chemical reactions and their equations
  • Acid-base titrations

Cryptographie – Applications (4)

  • Strong authentication: TOTP and FIDO2
  • The blockchain: hashing, Merkle trees and proof of work
  • Steganography: hiding the very existence of the message
  • Passwords: salting, hashing, and key derivation

Cryptographie – Attaques (2)

  • Side-channel attacks
  • Attacks on RSA

Cryptographie – Avancée (1)

  • Homomorphic encryption

Cryptographie – Clé publique (3)

  • The Diffie-Hellman key exchange
  • Elliptic curve cryptography
  • Public-key cryptography and RSA

Cryptographie – Fondamentaux (6)

  • Randomness in cryptography
  • The one-time pad and perfect secrecy
  • Kerckhoffs's principle and secure design
  • Secret codes: encryption and decryption
  • One-way functions: the foundations
  • Vigenère and the early days of cryptanalysis

Cryptographie – Intégrité (3)

  • Hash functions and digital signatures
  • Hash functions: construction and attacks
  • MAC and HMAC: authenticating messages

Cryptographie – Mathématiques (2)

  • Modular arithmetic, the foundation of cryptography
  • Post-quantum cryptography

Cryptographie – Messagerie (2)

  • End-to-end encryption
  • Signal: forward secrecy and the double ratchet

Cryptographie – Protocoles (4)

  • Schnorr identification and the Fiat-Shamir transform
  • Secure multiparty computation
  • Shamir's Secret Sharing
  • Zero-Knowledge Proofs

Cryptographie – Quantique (1)

  • Quantum key distribution (BB84)

Cryptographie – Réseau (2)

  • Certificates and the chain of trust
  • TLS and HTTPS: web security

Cryptographie – Symétrique (3)

  • AES, the Encryption Standard
  • Block ciphers and their modes
  • Modern symmetric encryption: AES and operating modes

Informatique – Algorithmique (6)

  • Introduction to dynamic programming
  • Algorithmic Complexity
  • Binary search
  • Recursion
  • Sorting Algorithms
  • The Basics of Algorithms

Informatique – Architecture (1)

  • Logic Circuits and Computer Architecture

Informatique – Codage (1)

  • Error-Correcting Codes

Informatique – Données (1)

  • Databases and SQL

Informatique – Information (1)

  • Information Theory and Compression

Informatique – Programmation (4)

  • Functions
  • Lists and dictionaries in Python
  • First steps in Python
  • Variables, loops and conditions

Informatique – Réseaux (1)

  • How the Internet works

Informatique – Structures de données (3)

  • Binary Trees
  • Graphs and their traversals
  • Stacks and queues

Informatique – Théorie (1)

  • Finite automata

Mathématiques (2)

  • Discovering Algebra
  • The basics of the calculation

Mathématiques – Algèbre (13)

  • Expand an expression
  • Factoring an expression
  • First-degree inequalities
  • Literal calculation
  • The second degree: canonical form
  • Notable figures
  • Matrices
  • Formulating problems as equations
  • Polynomials and factorisation
  • Sign of a trinomial
  • Systems of two equations
  • First-degree equations
  • Quadratic equations

Mathématiques – Algèbre linéaire (6)

  • Linear maps
  • Determinants
  • Vector spaces
  • Linear systems and Gaussian elimination
  • Invertible matrices and solving systems
  • Eigenvalues and diagonalisation

Mathématiques – Analyse (31)

  • Fourier Analysis and Signal Processing
  • Applications of differentiation
  • Bolzano-Weierstrass by Bisection
  • Continuity and the Intermediate Value Theorem
  • A comparison of growth rates
  • Calculus assignment: the function ln(1 + x)/x and its associated sequence
  • Derivatives and variations
  • Limited developments
  • Integration by parts
  • The Area Between Two Curves
  • Integration by Substitution
  • The square function
  • The derivative
  • The exponential function
  • The inverse function
  • The natural logarithm function
  • The concept of a function
  • The Average Value of a Function
  • Integral calculus
  • The derivative
  • Proof by induction
  • Heine's Theorem
  • Rolle's Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem
  • The Banach Fixed-Point Theorem
  • Affine functions
  • Reference functions
  • Function limits
  • Riemann Sums
  • Primitives of a function
  • Direction of variation of a function
  • Differential equations

Mathématiques – Analyse numérique (1)

  • Numerical Integration

Mathématiques – Arithmétique (14)

  • Bézout, Gauss and Diophantine equations
  • Assignment: the Josephus problem
  • Divisibility, multiples and divisors
  • The Irrationality of e
  • Fractions: meaning and representation
  • Decimal numbers
  • Whole numbers and the number system
  • Prime numbers
  • Relative numbers
  • The four operations set out
  • Operations on fractions
  • GCD and irreducible fractions
  • Proportionality and percentages
  • Powers and scientific notation

Mathématiques – Géométrie (12)

  • Areas and perimeters
  • Angles and parallelism
  • Circle, disc and inscribed angles
  • Solid Geometry
  • Geometry with reference points in the plane
  • Pythagoras’s theorem
  • Thales’ theorem
  • Rotations and homothecies
  • Symmetries and translations
  • Triangles and their properties
  • Trigonometry of a right-angled triangle
  • Volumes of common solids

Mathématiques – Logique (2)

  • Cantor's Diagonal Argument
  • Logic and Methods of Proof

Mathématiques – Nombres complexes (3)

  • The d'Alembert–Gauss Theorem
  • Complex numbers: algebraic form
  • Modulus, argument and exponential form

Mathématiques – Probabilités (6)

  • Counting and combinatorics
  • The binomial distribution
  • The normal distribution
  • Conditional probability
  • Probability on a finite sample space
  • Random variables, expectation and variance

Mathématiques – Statistiques (2)

  • Descriptive statistics
  • Inferential Statistics

Mathématiques – Suites (5)

  • Digital suites
  • Limit of a sequence
  • Direction of variation of a sequence
  • Arithmetic sequences
  • Geometric sequences

Mathématiques – Suites et récurrence (1)

  • The Fibonacci sequence

Mathématiques – Trigonométrie (5)

  • Cosine and sine of a real number
  • Sine and cosine functions
  • The unit circle
  • Trigonometric formulas
  • Trigonometric equations

Mathématiques – Vecteurs (6)

  • Applications of the scalar product
  • Collinearity and alignment
  • The scalar product
  • The vector product
  • Vectors in the plane
  • Vectors in space

Physique (2)

  • Quantities, units and measurement
  • Motion and forces

Physique – Fluides (4)

  • Fluid flow
  • Archimedes’ principle
  • Bernoulli’s equation
  • Fluid Pressure and Statics

Physique – Mesure et méthode (6)

  • Significant figures and uncertainties
  • Creating and interpreting a graph
  • Quantities, values and units
  • The experimental approach
  • Prefixes and conversions
  • Scientific notation and orders of magnitude

Physique – Mécanique (22)

  • Collisions and the conservation of momentum
  • Conservation of mechanical energy
  • Describing a movement: the frame of reference
  • Acceleration
  • Kinetic energy
  • Potential gravitational energy
  • Freefall
  • Newton’s second law
  • Universal gravitation
  • Mechanical power
  • Momentum
  • Newton’s third law
  • Uniform circular motion
  • Uniform linear motion
  • The principle of inertia
  • The work done by a force
  • Forces: mechanical actions
  • The motion of projectiles
  • Oscillators and pendulums
  • Weight and mass
  • Satellites and Kepler’s laws
  • Average and instantaneous speed

Physique – Ondes (2)

  • The Doppler Effect
  • Mechanical Waves and Acoustics

Physique – Optique (9)

  • Dispersion and spectra
  • Interference and diffraction
  • The eye and optical instruments
  • The construction of images
  • Light: a wave
  • The propagation of light
  • The reflection of light
  • Refraction and Snell–Descartes’ laws
  • Thin lenses

Physique – Physique nucléaire (1)

  • Radioactivity and Nuclear Decay

Physique – Physique quantique (10)

  • The Photoelectric Effect
  • Quantum tunnelling
  • Wave-Particle Duality
  • Energy Quantization and Spectra
  • The black body and the birth of the quanta
  • The laser: stimulated emission and population inversion
  • Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
  • Spin and the Pauli Principle
  • Atomic orbitals and quantum numbers
  • Superposition, entanglement and qubits

Physique – Relativité (1)

  • Special Relativity

Physique – Thermodynamique (3)

  • The ideal gas law
  • Thermodynamics and Heat Engines
  • Heat Transfer

Physique – Thermodynamique quantique (1)

  • Autonomizing Quantum Systems and the Work Operator

Physique – Électricité (14)

  • Charging and discharging a capacitor (RC)
  • The current intensity
  • The coil and inductance
  • Ohm's Law
  • Electrical voltage
  • The RL circuit
  • The electrical circuit
  • The capacitor
  • Alternating current
  • The transistor and amplification
  • Resistance organisations
  • Laws of Loops and Knots
  • Oscillations in an RLC circuit
  • Electrical power and energy

Physique – Électromagnétisme (7)

  • Electromagnetic induction
  • Laplace's force
  • The Lorentz force
  • The magnetic field
  • The electric field
  • Maxwell’s equations
  • Electrostatic potential and energy

Physique – Électrostatique (1)

  • Coulomb's law
272 / 272 courses
LibraryLight: a wave

Light: a wave

Find out how modern physics explains colour, rainbows and interference patterns by treating light as an electromagnetic wave.

Intermediate 50 min 18 viewsphysiqueoptiquelycée
Start the course— Speed, frequency and wavelength

Table of contents

  1. 01

    Light: an electromagnetic wave

    • Speed, frequency and wavelength(not finished)
    • The electromagnetic spectrum and the visible range(not finished)
    • Relationship between wavelength and frequencyMCQ
    • Characteristic frequencyShort answer
  2. 02

    Diffraction and interference

    • The diffraction of light(not finished)
    • Light interference (Young’s slits)(not finished)
    • Condition for diffractionMCQ
    • Interpreting an interference patternOpen answer

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